What is Triple X Syndrome:
Triple X Syndrome is a chromosomal condition that affects ne one female per 1000). This abnormality is also known as 47 XXX syndrome, XXX syndrome, Super Female Syndrome, and Trisomy X.
In general, a female has one pair of X chromosomes in each cell, i.e., two X chromosomes per cell. One X chromosome comes from the mother and other X chromosome from the father. A female with XXX Chromosome Disorder has three X chromosomes in each cell.
This chromosome disorder is genetic, but not an inherited condition. It happens due to a random error in the genes and does not transfer from the parents to the child. The genetic error can occur either before conception or at an early stage of the development of the embryo.
Read Now : Overview of XXY Syndrome
The possible reasons behind this error include the following
● Nondisjunction – Incorrect division of the egg cell of the mother or the sperm cell of the father, resulting in an extra X chromosome in the child. If this error occurs, all the cells in the body of the child will have an extra X chromosome.
● Mosaic – Incorrect cell division triggered by a random event in the early stage of embryo development, resulting in an extra X chromosome in the child. If this error occurs, only a few cells in the body of the child will have the third X chromosome.
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Symptoms of Triple X Syndrome
Signs and symptoms of Triple X Syndrome differ from one woman to the other. In some, there are no symptoms at all, while some might show moderate to severe symptoms.
In case the symptoms happen to surface, it might include the following –
● Difficulties in information processing and judgment
● Issues with gross and fine motor skills
● Delayed language and speech skills
● Dyslexia (difficulty with reading and understanding)
● Poor coordination
● Clumsiness
● Taller than average
● Smaller than average head size
● Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
● Psychological problems, like depression and anxiousness
Some lesser-known symptoms of XXX Chromosome Disorder may also include –
● Wide space between eyes
● Flat feet
● An abnormally curved little finger
● Hypotonia (weak muscle tone)
● Epicanthal folds of the skin (a vertical fold of the upper eyelid covering the eye’s inner corner)
● Seizures
● Abnormal shape of the breast bone
● Abnormalities of ovaries
● Untimely ovarian failure
● Kidney deformities
● Developmental delays
Also, in most women with Super Female Syndrome, sexual development is normal and they can conceive. In rare cases, reproductive abnormalities, such as early menstruation, irregularities in periods, and very rarely, infertility, can arise. A person with this chromosome disorder does not look different from people who don’t have this condition.
Complications Caused by Triple X Syndrome
Females who experience developmental, psychological, or behavioral issues due to Triple X Syndrome need help in the form of medical or social intervention. Without timely help, these issues can further complicate to more severe problems, such as –
● Lack of self-esteem
● Relationship issues
● Excessive stress
● Social acceptance problems
● Social isolation
● Inability to do daily activities
Diagnosis of Triple X Syndrome
Many women and girls with Triple X Syndrome do not show any outward signs. They live healthy lives that is why many cases go undetected. Genetic testing can diagnose Triple X
Syndrome. This testing can be done by taking a blood sample after birth. Genetic testing can also be performed before birth by more sophisticated tests such as amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, which analyze the tissues and cells of a fetus.
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Treatment of Triple X Syndrome
As Triple X Syndrome is a chromosomal defect, there is no definite cure for it. The treatment plans depend on symptoms, their severity, and unique requirements. A few of the treatment options include –
● Periodic examinations – The doctor may suggest regular screenings. It will allow them to provide you with immediate help, if any health problem, learning difficulties, developmental or behavioral abnormalities arise at any point in time.
● Early intervention – These treatment plans comprise different types of therapies, such as speech therapy, physical exercises, developmental therapies, and occupational therapies, among others. Your doctor will start with the intervention sessions as soon as he/she can diagnose your problems. Generally, these treatments start at a very young age.
● Creative learning therapies – If the girl has issues with learning and understanding, your doctor will use various educational and innovative learning strategies .
● Psychological counseling – Females with Triple X Syndrome are more susceptible to stress, anxiety, emotional, as well as behavioral problems. Therefore, a supportive environment at home is crucial. In this regard, your doctor might recommend psychological counseling. It can help families to understand how you can help their child by providing the right environment to grow while positively shaping her learning skills and social functioning.
● Daily assistance – If the girl is facing issues with daily functioning, assistance with such activities, coupled with social opportunities, will help her a lot.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) XXX Syndrome:
1. What is the life expectancy of a person with Triple X Syndrome?
This condition does not affect the life expectancy of a person. So, most people with Triple X Syndrome will have the same life expectancy as a person who does not have this chromosomal disorder.
2. What is Metafemale syndrome?
XXX syndrome is also known as Metafemale syndrome, in which your cells have three X chromosomes instead of two.
